tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319233801403702322024-03-18T20:35:46.755-07:00Haney Energy Saving GroupHaney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.comBlogger29125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-16864071415780786472015-05-22T18:10:00.003-07:002015-05-22T18:10:34.176-07:00Church of England cut its investment in fossil fuel companies<div style="text-align: justify;">
To address the issues of climate change, one of the world's wealthiest religious institutions, the Church of England is to sell of investments in coal and tar sands.</div>
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The withdrawal from the most polluting fossil fuels such as coal burnt for energy and oil from tar sands is a success for campaigners suggesting institutions to get out of such investments. Different church dioceses worldwide follow the divestment.</div>
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The lead bishop on the environment at the Church of England, Bishop Nick Holtam states that climate change is the most pressing moral issue in our world.</div>
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Deputy Chair of the Church's Ethical Investment Advisory Group (EIAG) Richard Burridge claims that climate change is already a reality, and the Church has a "moral responsibility" to speak and act on <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/">environmental issues</a> to protect the poor, who are the most vulnerable to climate change.</div>
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Burridge added that this responsibility involves not only the Church's own move to reduce their own carbon footprint, but also how the Church's money is invested and how they engage with companies on this vital issue.</div>
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The Church Commissioners and the Church of England Pensions Board announced in a statement that the institution is to sell £12m in holdings in thermal coal and tar sands.</div>
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It said no direct investments should be made in any company where over ten percent of revenues come from extracting thermal coal or the production of oil from tar sands.</div>
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Furthermore, the Church of England's national investing bodies on ethical investment - the Church Commissioners, the Church of England Pensions Board and the CBF Church of England funds, are to increase their low-carbon investments, and it will engage with companies and policy makers ahead of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris.</div>
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Director of Investments at the Church Commissioners Tom Joy said that they need governments meetings in Paris at the end of this year to agree long term global emissions targets with a clear pathway to a low carbon future.</div>
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The Church of England announced last December that it was in the process of filing shareholder resolutions on climate change at BP and Royal Dutch Shell.</div>
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The owner of approximately £9 billion in investments that fund its work and clergy pensions, the institution previously led a shareholder push to urge oil and gas giant British Petroleum (BP) to be more open about how climate change might affect its business.</div>
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The announcement comes before Pope Francis' release of an encyclical setting out Roman Catholic doctrine on environmental issues, which is likely to make waves on the global warming debate.</div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-14952122409830135732015-05-05T01:34:00.001-07:002015-05-05T01:34:19.974-07:00The Haney Energy Saving Group: Solar-powered plane Solar Impulse 2 finally takes-off in China<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The
Swiss-engineered aircraft Solar Impulse 2, which aims to travel around the
world using only solar power, has finally taken off on its sixth flight from
Chongqing to Nanjing China according to <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/">The
Haney Energy Saving Group</a> report. It arrived at Chongqing airport from
Myanmar on March 31.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The
flight was delayed for three weeks due to bad weather conditions. The plane
isn’t meant to fly in stormy weather so the team must wait for weather
forecasters to give the go-ahead.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bertrand
Piccard, co-founder of the project, is piloting the plane for the
1,190-kilometer flight to the eastern city of Nanjing.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The
journey is expected to take 20 hours and 29 minutes, depending on weather
conditions that could force the aircraft to change its direction from the
straightest path between the two cities. It is expected to arrive in Nanjing
about 9pm Abu Dhabi time.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Nanjing
will be the last stop of the aircraft in Asia before Andre Borschberg, chief
engineer and co-pilot, is set to make a trans-Pacific crossing to Hawaii that
is expected to take at least five days.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Solar
Impulse 2 is capable of flying over oceans for several days and nights and is
expected to travel 35,000 km around the world and is scheduled to take in 12
stops, with a total flight time of around 25 days over the course of roughly
five months. It will pass over the Arabian Sea, India, Myanmar, China and the
Pacific Ocean.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The
team behind Solar Impulse 2, which has more than 17,000 solar cells built into
its wings and fuselage, hopes to promote green <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/">energy</a> with its round the world
attempt.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The
aircraft store up energy during the day, in order to power the motors that
carry it through the night.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">After
traveling around the globe, the aircraft is expected to arrive back in Abu
Dhabi, UAE in late July or early August where it started its voyage on March 9.</span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-12469270218516742792015-04-29T02:36:00.003-07:002015-04-29T02:36:35.053-07:00The Haney Energy Saving Group: Energy saving tips for spring<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">After
months of winter, it finally comes to an end. Everyone is now expecting lovely
flowers to bloom everywhere and there will be an increase in the temperature.
Recently, the <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/">The Haney Energy Saving Group</a>
revealed some energy saving tips to improve the energy efficiency of your home:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Choose
window treatments – Each morning, switch off artificial lights and use windows
and skylights to take advantage of natural light to brighten your space while
reducing heat loss and gain. This also allows you to naturally cool your space
without using air conditioners when the temperature is mild. When the
temperature rises, you can use window blinds, films, and shades to reduce heat
gain.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Use
a programmable thermostat – Use a programmable thermostat to save at least 10%
per year on your heating and cooling costs.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Install
ceiling fans – Use ceiling fans to increase cooling efficiency. It allows you
to raise the thermostat setting to 4°F with no reduction in comfort thus
helping you to lower your electricity bills. It creates a wind chill effect
because the moving air makes it feel as if it cooler on your skin. Remember to
turn off ceiling fans when you leave the room because it doesn't cool rooms.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Perform
a regular maintenance on you air conditioner – Regular maintenance such as
cleaning or replacing air filters keeps your air conditioner functioning as
efficiently as possible. This can lower your cooling system’s energy
consumption by up to 15%. The air conditioner’s evaporator coil should always
be cleaned annually to guarantee the system is functioning at optimal levels.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Reduce
energy for water heating – Decrease your water heater's temperature and
installing low-flow showerheads to lessen your water heating bills.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Use
an electronic power strip – Lots of electronics go into standby mode when you
turn them off. Help lessen “phantom loads” or leaking electricity by plugging
electronic devices into a power strip and turn it off when not in use. This can
save you up to $100 per year.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Cook
outdoors – Use an outdoor grill instead of indoor ovens or stoves to keep out
the heat from your home.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Seal
ducts – Air loss through ducts can lead to high electricity costs up to 30%.
Insulating and sealing ducts can lower your electricity bills.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Caulk
air leaks – Use a low-cost caulk to seal cracks and openings to keep warm air
out and save money.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Visit
<a href="file:///E:/My%20files/2015/April/%3ca%20href=%22http:/thehaneygroup.org/blog/%22">The Haney Energy
Saving Group</a> for additional tips on improving your home’s energy
efficiency.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-76089542759108192092015-02-09T15:41:00.002-08:002015-02-09T15:42:23.214-08:00The Haney Energy Saving Group: Nest thermostat saves energy, says researchNest Labs has recently announced the results of 3 energy-savings research which apparently prove that their Learning Thermostat can save users as much as 15% on cooling bills and 12% on heating bills. That's roughly USD150 in savings annually and a return of investment in just 2 years.<br />
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The two studies were apparently designed and funded independently -- one of them was done by a utility company in Indiana called Vectren and the other one by Energy Trust of Oregon. The third one was done by the Nest company itself on a national scale. They all monitored users' <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog">energy</a> consumption before and after the installation of Nest Thermostat.<br />
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According to the general manager Ben Bixby, "With this information in hand, customers can feel even more confident about investing in a Nest Thermostat, and our energy partners can be assured that energy-efficiency programs involving Nest will have an impact."<br />
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Nest's thermostat is supposed to 'learn' as it is being used; for instance, it can remember certain temperatures that the user usually sets, sense how long it takes to cool or heat up a room then adapt accordingly. It's also designed to detect if the user is home so it can automatically turn itself off if not, as <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/">The Haney Energy Saving Group</a> found out.<br />
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Nest's founder Matt Rogers said in his post, "Nest is constantly improving. Some saved less on their energy bills, some saved more ... that affected their energy bills more than switching thermostats ever could. But on average, after people installed Nest they saw real savings." In fact, in the last couple of years, Nest developers have updated the system over 30 times to add new features.<br />
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The Haney Energy Saving Group reported that Nest users will be given additional support starting this month: an access to a live Energy Advisor that they can consult about energy savings using their Nest Thermostat based on their particular circumstance.<br />
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Various thermostat makers, along with the Environmental Protection Agency of the US, have previously claimed that a programmable thermostat can potentially save homeowners around 20% on cooling/heating bills. However, most of their calculations were simply based on correctly-programmed thermostat settings as opposed to a thermostat that's left at one temperature constantly. Because of such difficulty in acquiring actual savings data, programmable thermostats lost the Energy Star rating in 2009. Now, with three studies actually determining how much energy savings thermostats are capable of when programmed well, they might just get it back.Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-64994757059179821382014-12-08T16:34:00.002-08:002014-12-08T16:35:47.289-08:00The Haney Energy Saving Group: Are green cars really clean?<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Cars of the future have always been envisioned as running
on electricity and sporting futuristic and compact designs. But while this
thing of the future called electric vehicle is slowly entering the mainstream
car market today because of <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/">climate change
concerns</a>, it is still worlds away from replacing the conventional internal
combustion engines we've been using since the 1800s. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The thing is, owning an electric car is probably not for
everyone -- for now. Aside from the fact that they are not widely available
yet, there are many factors that affects someone's choice of owning one -- the
main concern being its expensive price, even though there's a government
subsidy in the form of income tax credit to those who will avail of an EV.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Moreover, you've got to have an outlet on hand in order
to charge your car's battery for a minimum of 5 hours as advised by <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/">The Haney Energy Saving Group</a>. While
one manufacturer is offering access to a free charging station, it won't likely
be present in every 5 miles so that's a real delimiter. And if you decide to
have one installed at home, it will surely eat up on your electricity bill,
what with the long charging time.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Further complicating matters is that most EVs are still
limited when it comes to range: you'll normally get around 100 miles in one
charge, depending on speed and weather among others.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fortunately, the technology used in EVs is advancing
every day so we can look forward to a cleaner future. But do they really cause
less pollution like what we've been made to believe? Will patronizing EVs
really make a difference as it is?<o:p></o:p></div>
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As The Haney Energy Saving Group previously reported,
that depends on where its electricity will come from. In terms of carbon
dioxide emissions, it's true that EVs can be environment-friendly because they
have no emission at all. But you can't really convince yourself that you're
supporting a greener future when the electricity being used to charge your EV
comes from coal/gas powerplants. A powerplant relying on solar, nuclear, hydro
or wind resources in generating cleaner energy will undoubtedly be a good step
towards combatting climate change.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Granted, it's not really that easy to conclude just where
your electricity is coming from. But it's still something we should consider in
terms of what green energy really means, especially since the source of
electricity for an EV to run is often overlooked. Though it has no actual emission from itself,
the carbon dioxide emitted by the powerplant to charge an electric car for a
period of time would also count as carbon footprint.</div>
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently
developing a plan to lessen emissions from powerplants which should be a big
help in cleaning up the electricity industry, as well as ensuring the future of
green cars. Coupled with the efforts of car manufacturers to significantly add
up on the average driving distance EVs can reach on a single charge, we can
probably be assured of a good fate for green cars.<o:p></o:p></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-7971301639453986612014-10-30T17:56:00.002-07:002014-10-30T17:56:52.576-07:00The Haney Energy Saving Group: Common Sense Energy-Savings Tips, and then Some<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Some of the most unappreciated measures to take
in <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/">reducing our energy</a> consumption hark
back to old or traditional practices before we had modern technology. Or,
simply, <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/the-haney-energy-saving-group-common-sense-energy-savings-tips-and-then-some/">using
common sense and enough logic will help bring down that electric bill</a>. But
the willingness to do so must come first.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Here are some:<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">• Do more outdoor grilling than other cooking
choices. It may not be so good on your lungs or nose and the neighbours might
complain; but it saves you a lot by sparing your oven or stove from high energy
costs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">• Copper-bottomed pots and pans conduct heat
more efficiently when cooking on the stove compared to other metals. Not only
that, they also look rustic and nice compared to the shiny yet less efficient
alternatives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">• Clean up your stove reflector pans to reflect
more heat upward when cooking. Dirt and grime, especially oil smudges, reduce
the efficiency of those pans.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">• Turning off your oven or burners just before
the food is cooked allows the remaining heat to finish the task for you. With
practice, you will know just how soon you can turn them off.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">• Tight-fitting covers on pots and pans reduce
cooking time and help you save energy. As a general rule, then, buy only
kitchen-ware that will <a href="http://haneyenergysaving.blogspot.sg/">enhance
your ability to save</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">• Use pots that match your stove burner size in
order to avoid heat loss. Small pots on big burners are a waste, unless you
have burners that can adjust to either a single, smaller flame or a double,
bigger flame.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">• Habitually turn off bedroom, kitchen and bath
fans each time you leave the room. People used to leave air-conditioning on the
whole day. Today, every small saving you can make means a lot in the long run.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">• Dust your refrigerator each time you dust your
house. Inspect the coils at the back of your unit and use coil vacuums or
dusters for cleaning. This will make your unit run more efficiently.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">• A full freezer uses less energy than an empty
one. To maximize savings, fill your freezer with water containers. This should
be an easy measure for all to do.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">• Buy energy-efficient appliances. They help
save money and also protect the environment because they utilize less energy.
Browse the Internet and find out how they work and protect nature, then buy the
most efficient and most economical ones.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">• Replace your old refrigerator with one that
has the yellow EnergyGuide® label, making sure you compare features. Select
models with better insulation and have power-saving switches. Unlike PCs that
may become obsolete after a year or two, the latest refrigerators can still be
up-to-date and efficient for several years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">• Do several loads of your washing and drying
during your laundry schedule. This keeps the dryer warm and ready for the next
load and allows you to save so much on energy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">• Over-drying your clothes wastes energy and
produces static and wrinkling. Like cooking food, turn off the dryer before the
clothes are completely dry. Let evaporation do the rest, especially if you
schedule your laundry in the middle of a warm day.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">• Separate wash loads into heavy and light
fabrics to shorten the drying period. And if you want to save more, dry your
lightest fabrics in the air or under the sun.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">• Provide an outside vent for your dryer to
minimize the workload on your air conditioner. Keeping all that heat generated
inside the house while running the aircon is like trying to fill up a leaking
pail with water.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">We wonder why many people discover only now how
to use these simple tips which used to be common measures in the past. Is it
because we take so many things for granted? We assume things work out well as
long as they are new or still functioning. However, <a href="http://haneyenergy.livejournal.com/">saving on energy</a> requires a more
discriminating understanding of how it is used and also how it is wasted. These
tips should prove that point clearly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-37424861591993672792014-09-04T17:21:00.002-07:002014-09-04T17:21:59.967-07:00The Haney Energy Saving Group: Doable Steps to Save on Your Utility Bills<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">It
never hurts to find ways of reducing your energy consumption in order to save
and help the environment as well. Here are a few suggestions:<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">1.
Reduce “<span style="color: yellow;"><a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/the-haney-energy-saving-group-doable-steps-to-save-on-your-utility-bills/"><span style="color: yellow;">phantom loads</span></a></span>”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">Phantom loads
are energy consumption of appliances (75% of the power they consume when used)
when they are turned off. Sounds unbelievable; but that is according to the US <span style="color: yellow;"><a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/"><span style="color: yellow;">Department of Energy</span></a></span>. So, it makes sense
to unplug appliances when not in use or plug into a power strip which you can
turn off when not using appliances.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">2.
Design windows according to your needs<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">Windows can
reduce electric bills for homes that use heating or cooling units. In the
tropics, big windows are preferable not just for lighting purposes during
daytime (saving on artificial light) but also for bringing in cool air (saving
on cooling cost) during windy days. However, many homebuilders today have
forced people to buy ill-designed homes that have small steel-casement windows,
trapping in more heat during the day and preventing cool night air to enter.
Hence, people, who do not seem to see the connection, generally choose to buy
air-conditioners when the air outside is cool enough to provide comfortable
temperatures at night.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">The main reason,
as we know it, is that people who live in the urban areas try to prevent dust
and pollution from entering their homes. The other reason is to prevent
burglary. So, they close their windows at night. Steel grills solve part of the
problem. Again, people do not realize it but those grills absorb heat at
daytime, aggravating the heat inside the house.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">3.
For those who plan to build a home, make it energy-efficient<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">The ultimate
solution, of course, is to build a house that is energy efficient. There are so
many things one can incorporate to make it so. It all depends on the budget.
Insulating it against heat or against the cold, as the case may be, will save
you a lot of money. But even if you have an old home, you can do a lot more to
make it energy-efficient.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">4.
Conserve water<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">People do not
realize that water is the easiest resource to save money on. First of all, you
can see and feel it. You can store it and even recycle it, unlike electricity.
Finally, you can get it free from the sky or the ground, with a little
investment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">Washing dishes,
for instance, should be a cinch on how to save money: Whereas you open the
faucet fully when doing this chore, try half-open and see how much water you
save. The time it takes you to wash may not even differ. Then try one-third; it
might take you longer; but, hey, you saved two-thirds of the water already! And
if you really want to scrimp, try a trickle while washing dishes. Water from a
fully-opened faucet will not completely touch the plate while soaping or
rinsing it. Much of the water merely flows past into the sink. But a trickle
and enough scrubbing (even without using a basin) will do the trick just as
well. It is not in the amount of water you use but how you clean that matters.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">Storing
rainwater in a cistern used to be common; but nowadays, people do not even know
what it is. Recycling gray-water (used water from laundrying, dishwashing or
bathing) for other uses, such as cleaning dirty garage floors, watering plants
and flushing toilets can save a lot of water.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">5.
Plant trees and shrubs<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">Keeping a cool
house can be achieved through having plants around it and inside it. Plants
never stop to produce protein through photosynthesis even at night or indoors.
They can store sunlight and heat energy to survive and grow. They can help
absorb heat inside and outside your home. They can also provide a buffer
against solar heat and reflected heat from the surroundings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">If you plant
fruit trees and vegetables, you can have extra income to cover part of your
energy bills. If you cannot avoid paying power bills, grow some of the money to
pay for it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">Even without
spending so much and, sometimes, while making some money, you can save on your
energy consumption.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-28713333347960964222014-07-13T16:53:00.001-07:002014-07-13T16:53:53.316-07:00Eco care home creates unique interior<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">When
the Fisher Partnership wanted a bespoke interior for their purpose-built care
home, Whitby Court, they turned to Shackletons for seating and soft furnishings
that would reflect the high standards of care and comfort the company is
committed to providing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jenny
Fisher from Whitby Court says: “We were very aware of not reflecting an
institutionalised image when completing Whitby Court. This unique home required
a <a href="https://bdaily.co.uk/industrials/09-06-2014/eco-care-home-creates-unique-interior/">unique
interior treatment</a> that would enable us to offer something completely
bespoke.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“We
found Shackletons were on our wavelength, they engaged with our thoughts,
understood our requirements and really worked with us to get the right seating
and soft furnishings for our residents.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sarah
Thompson, Regional Sales Manager at Shackletons says: “Working with Whitby
Court was a pleasure; their level of creativity and input enabled us to push
the boundaries of interior treatments within a care home. I believe we have
created a bespoke environment that reflects a <a href="http://haneyenergy.tumblr.com/">person-centred approach</a> whilst offering
fit for purpose and comfortable furniture that will last in a demanding
environment.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Shackletons
provided over 100 individual seating options in varying comfort styles and
fabrics throughout the home with soft furnishings to complete this very individual
care home look.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Whitby
Court is the Whitby’s first purpose-built ecological care home and includes a
biomass boiler, solar panelling, LED energy-saving lighting and underfloor
heating throughout to minimise our carbon footprint.</span></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-13111226621675108272014-07-10T16:43:00.001-07:002014-07-10T16:43:01.989-07:00The Haney Enery Saving Group: Device saves £175 on water & gas bills<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">A
£200,000 project has got underway to install energy-saving devices in thousands
of homes across North Lincolnshire to help tenants <a href="http://www.scunthorpetelegraph.co.uk/Device-saves-175-water-gas-bills/story-21260981-detail/story.html">save
on water and gas bills.</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Landlords
at North Lincolnshire Homes estimate the savings per property could be as much
as £175 per year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Work
started this month on distributing shower heads and timers in homes where a
Vokera Unica boiler has been installed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Tenants
will also be offered an <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/">energy</a>
efficiency guide, giving top tips on how to reduce utility bills as part of the
affordable warmth project.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Project
manager Tim Ball said: "We are committed to offering our tenants
affordable warmth and to try to improve the energy efficiency of homes. This is
helping to reduce the impact on both the environment and offering residents
innovative money-saving devices where possible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">"Over
the last six years we've installed high efficient A-rated appliances into 3,500
homes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">"It's
these tenants who will benefit initially, but we have plans to increase this in
the future though. When people require a new boiler fitting they will also be
able to take advantage of these products.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">"After
research and a trial of the products over the past 18 months, we've seen real
savings can be achieved which is why we've decided to invest £200,000 in this
project."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-26761642127020591162014-07-07T17:51:00.002-07:002014-07-07T17:53:23.621-07:00'Smiley faces' could help cut bills<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Households could cut
their </span><a href="http://money.aol.co.uk/2014/06/25/smiley-faces-could-help-cut-bills/" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">fuel</a><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">
bills by £80 a year with the help of a simple "smiley", a study has
revealed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Giving people
feedback on how much <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/">energy</a> they
are using compared to their neighbours can have as big an impact on reducing
bills as installing loft insulation or upgrading their <a href="http://haneyenergy.tumblr.com/">boiler</a>, the research by the
organisation Sustainable Homes found.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Sending people happy
face emoticons, or smileys, if they used less energy than other similar
households, and sad faces if they were using more than the rest of the group,
led to people changing their habits to reduce electricity and gas use.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The success of the
smileys could be down to people's desire to "fit in" with the social
norm, something that can be a more powerful driver to change behaviour than the
motivation of saving money, the study's authors suggested.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Andrew Eagles,
managing director of Sustainable Homes, said: "These findings will be of
great interest to anyone concerned with cutting energy bills - which, of
course, is most of us.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">"We know that
people are always keen to <a href="http://haneyenergysaving.blogspot.sg/">save
money</a>, but what this study uncovers is that their natural desire for
approval is at least as important, and probably more so.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">"Nearly one
third of the UK's emissions come from homes, and the results have implications
for the roll-out of smart meters in the UK.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">"They suggest we
would be missing a trick if we did not take people's real motivations into
account with a simple and cheap method like this when we try and reduce
household energy consumption."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The study recruited
540 homes in 14 housing associations around England, with all the households
being given energy saving tips before they began the programme.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Some households
received information about their energy use without comparison to other homes,
some were ranked against similar properties and a third group received feedback
with smileys which indicated how well they were doing compared to others.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Those in the smiley
group whose energy use was in the lowest 25% of households got a yellow smiley
with a big grin, while those in the second lowest quarter got a green smiling
face.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Households whose
energy use was in the second highest quarter compared to the group as a whole
received an amber neutral face, and the highest energy users were sent a red
sad face emoticon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Feedback of any kind
helped people cut energy use, but the research found that people who received
smileys made the biggest savings compared to groups who were given a ranking or
simply informed of their "killowatt-hour" usage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The smiley group
saved an average of 8% on their electricity bills and 3.6% on their gas bills,
or around £79 on average.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">If three-quarters of
the UK population were to achieve these kind of savings, it could save 2.7
million carbon emissions a year, equivalent to switching off Didcot power
station for half the year, the report said.</span>Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-71887977225488023512014-07-04T18:13:00.000-07:002014-07-04T18:13:06.549-07:00COLUM -Can We Really Do Without Coal? Kemp<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 8.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(John Kemp
is a Reuters market analyst. The views expressed are his own)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin: 8.25pt 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">By John Kemp<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">LONDON,
June 23 (Reuters) - Two-thirds of the world's already discovered reserves of
oil, coal and natural gas must remain unburned if the rise in average global
temperatures is to be limited to 2 degrees Celsius by 2050, according to the
International Energy Agency.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">But coal
miners and oil and </span><span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/"><span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">gas companies</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">
round the world allocated $674 billion to finding even more reserves and new
ways of extracting them in 2012/13. Much of this investment risks being wasted,
according to the Carbon Tracker Initiative, which is campaigning to get
investors to think again. ("Unburnable carbon 2013: wasted assets and
stranded capital")<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">"It
is possible that much of this additional spending would prove fruitless. At
worst, these assets might be 'stranded' forever," Martin Wolf, the
celebrated chief economics commentator of the Financial Times, wrote in a
sympathetic review recently. ("A climate fix would ruin investors"
June 17)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Carbon
Tracker Initiative is part of a broader divestment movement pressing
universities, pension funds and other socially responsible investors to boycott
shares and loans in </span><span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="http://haneyenergy.tumblr.com/"><span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">fossil fuel companies</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> to force them to leave the oil, gas and coal "down there".
("Stranded assets and the fossil fuel divestment campaign: what does
divestment mean for the valuation of fossil fuel assets?" Oct 2013)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">The
divestment campaign has drawn a swift response. Major </span><span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><a href="https://twitter.com/thehaneygroup"><span style="color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">oil and gas companies</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> such as Exxon and Shell (LSE: RDSB.L - news) reject the claim that
their exploration and development spending is being wasted. "We do not
believe that any of our proven reserves will become stranded," Shell wrote
in a letter to investors on May 16.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">"While
the stranded asset notion may appear to be a strong and thought-through case,
it does have some fundamental flaws, and there is a risk that some interest
groups use it to trivialise the important societal issue of rising levels of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere," the company complained in a detailed
response.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #984807; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #984807; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">GAMBLING ON INACTION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #984807; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">There is
an obvious inconsistency between companies continuing to invest in developing
more fossil fuels while governments maintain they are still committed to the 2
degree target.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">According
to Wolf: "Something will have to give: either the world will abandon its
pledge to keep emissions below the level thought to produce a temperature rise
of 2C, or the fossil fuel companies are holding stranded assets and investing
in unusable ones. Investors are implicitly betting on the former
possibility."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">He
concluded: "Major energy producers do not believe governments will do what
they promise. They envisage a very different and quite unrevolutionary energy
future in which the reserves they now possess and those they plan to develop
will all be burnt."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Wolf is
right about the contradiction between investment policies and climate targets.
It is more likely the world will miss the 2 degree target than that fossil fuel
reserves will be stranded.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #984807; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">PUTTING COAL BEYOND USE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #984807; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Rather
than oil or gas, the primary target of the divestment campaign is coal, which
emits far more carbon dioxide when burned for electricity production.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">"Coal
companies appear far more vulnerable than oil and gas," according to
researchers at Oxford University's Stranded Assets Programme. "Coal not
only contributes to climate change but also releases harmful pollutants with
short-term and visible, health and environmental consequences."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">In the
first phase of the divestment process, concerned investors are likely to begin
by liquidating their holdings in coal companies, the Oxford researchers
explain, before moving on later to oil and gas producers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Several
prominent U.S. universities and European pension funds have already sold their
shares in coal companies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">If the
total amount of carbon that can be burned in the next few decades is
constrained by an overall "carbon budget", and coal is the most
polluting fossil fuel, it might seem to make sense to put coal reserves off
limits first.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Some of
the big oil and gas companies have quietly supported this idea, hoping to
replace dirty coal with clean-burning gas and bump up demand for their own
products in the process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">The
unspoken alliance of climate campaigners and gas companies appears to have
convinced the Obama administration.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Cutting
coal consumption and replacing it with gas is the central objective of new U.S.
regulations on power plants at home. ("Regulatory impact analysis for the
proposed carbon pollution guidelines for existing power plants" June 2014)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">And the
U.S. Treasury has stated it will not provide financial support for any new
coal-fired plants in poor countries. ("Guidance for U.S. positions on
multilateral development banks engaging with developing countries on coal-fired
power generation" Oct 2013)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #984807; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">COAL REMAINS INDISPENSABLE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #984807; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">The
stigmatisation campaign against coal, in the words of the Oxford researchers,
is already well underway and has notched up some notable early successes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Recent
successes in developing shale gas and oil have led some campaigners to imply
the world could do without coal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">But the
effort to put coal off limits is doomed to fail. Coal resources will remain an
essential part of the energy mix far into the future.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Coal
accounts for roughly a third of known fossil fuel resources (excluding highly
unconventional resources such as methane hydrates which are unlikely to be
developed in any foreseeable timeframe).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Gas and
oil appear much more abundant than before thanks to the shale revolution. But
they would start to look scarce again if coal was put off limits and the entire
power generation sector switched to gas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">On a
global scale, switching entirely from coal to gas would put a tremendous strain
on gas supplies and push prices sharply higher. It would be a windfall for gas
companies but not for everyone else.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Coal also
has important benefits for energy security. Coal reserves are much more widely
distributed around the world than the other fossil fuels. Major developing
economies with fast-growing energy demand, including China and India, have
abundant coal resources but relatively little oil and gas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Shale oil
and gas could change that calculation, since they are more widely distributed
than conventional oil and gas, but their widespread development still lies in
the future.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">In the
meantime, coal is cheaper than oil and gas, available from a broader range of
suppliers, and the major emerging economies have more of it at home. Coal is
therefore vital to energy security in developing economies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">For these
reasons, coal has been the fastest-growing source of energy in the 21st
century, driven by growth in emerging markets. Coal is the second-largest
source of primary energy after oil and the largest source of electricity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">"Coal
has been, is and will be the backbone of modern electricity and the bedrock on
which the modern world is built," according to the World Coal Association.
("The public image of coal: inconvenient facts and political
correctness" May 2014)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">The trade
association has an obvious interest in promoting the future of coal, but that
does not make its claims any less true.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">There is
no conceivable energy future over the next 30 to 40 years in which coal does
not play an enormous role.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">The
divestment campaign, however well intentioned, will therefore fail. While it
might shut down some of the ageing U.S. coal mines in Appalachia and Kentucky,
it will not dent the developing world's prodigious demand for coal-fired power.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #984807; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;">CLEANER AND MORE EFFICIENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #984807; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #984807; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=50000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent6; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 128;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">If coal
is set to remain a big part of the energy mix, however, the way it is burned
will have to change. Coal power plants in China and other developing economies
are creating killer smogs, which are poisoning the population as well as
spewing billions of tonnes of greenhouse-causing carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">In
future, coal must be made to burn more cleanly (to cut air pollution) and more
efficiently (to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emitted for every
kilowatt-hour of electricity generated).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">In both
cases, the challenge is to bring the whole fleet of coal-fired power stations
up to the standards of the best.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Even in
the United States, more than half of coal-fired power plants are over 40 years
old. China and India, too, have lots of very old facilities. Most of these old
plants are too small to reach maximum efficiency and employ outdated
technology. ("Focus on clean coal" Nov 2006)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">The
average power plant in the United States or China achieves a thermal efficiency
of just 33 percent. For every three units of energy contained in the fuel
burned in the plant only one unit of usable electrical energy is delivered to
the grid. In India, the percentage is even lower.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">But
modern plants built on a scale of 500 or even 1,000 megawatts, with
ultra-supercritical boilers, can achieve thermal efficiencies of 40 percent or
more, burning less coal to produce the same amount of power.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Even
higher efficiencies are possible if instead of burning the coal directly it is
gasified and the gas is then used in a combined cycle system (first driving a
gas turbine and then a steam turbine). Integrated gasification and combined
cycle plants are tricky to build and operate but could achieve thermal
efficiencies of 45 percent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">China,
India and even the United States are now building power plants that are larger,
far more efficient and with better pollution-control technology. Modern
coal-fired power plants can make a contribution towards slowing climate change,
in combination with more use of natural gas, renewables such as wind and solar,
nuclear power, and energy efficiency measures on the demand side.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">The
question is how to shut down the fleet of old power plants that fall far below
these standards. "To reduce emissions, replacement of the oldest plant
should be a high priority, but it is rarely economic, and electricity demand
growth dictates that these plants often remain open," the International
Energy Agency explained in 2006<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">In the
United States, the Obama administration is now attempting to force these old
power plants to shut or undertake expensive upgrades by introducing strict
rules on pollution and carbon emissions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">China,
India and other developing countries will eventually have to overhaul their own
older coal-fired plants if they are to enjoy clean air and contribute to global
efforts to limit climate change.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">The
realities of the energy system mean there has to be a future for coal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Even in
the United States, with its shale gas boom, coal is still expected to account
for 30 percent of power generation by 2025, down from 37 percent currently. In
Asia, coal's share is currently much higher and cannot conceivably be replaced
by gas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">To limit
the impact, however, coal will have to be burned in power plants very different
from most of those in existence today.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">Rather
than trying to shut down the coal industry, campaigners would be more effective
if they focused on trying to modernise the electricity sector to use newer,
larger, cleaner and more efficient power plants.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-4599804058568452252014-05-09T17:24:00.002-07:002014-05-09T17:24:58.773-07:00Energy Saving - The Haney Group Conservation Awareness<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Overall
energy usage in the city grew at a slower pace than the average economic growth
in the 10 years to 2013, new data shows.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">And from
2012 to last year, consumption of electricity alone fell 1.1 per cent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">One
green group welcomed the official figures as a sign that the city was getting
serious about <a href="http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1501146/energy-use-sheds-positive-light-public-awareness-conservation">saving
energy</a>. The statistics reflected public awareness of reducing energy
consumption, Edwin Lau Che-fung, head of advocacy and education at Friends of
the Earth, said.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">"The
slight drop is in a positive direction," he said. "It reflects a
power-smart attitude among consumers and businesses."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
city recorded an overall energy balance last year of 300,284 terajoules, down
from 322,938 terajoules in 2008, the Census and Statistics Department said in
its annual report.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">During
that period, imports of electricity from the mainland decreased 5.2 per cent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/">energy balance</a> is the sum of energy
input - mostly imports of coal, oil and electricity - minus output, when these
resources get transformed into energy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Electricity
generation made up the bulk of the balance, while the rest came from gas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Commercial
users remained the top guzzler of electricity last year, consuming 66 per cent
of energy used. Households came second, despite falling three percentage points
to 26 per cent. Industrial users consumed 7.3 per cent of electricity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Overall
energy usage rose 2.5 per cent from 2003 to 2013. Over the same period real GDP
grew at an average of 4.5 per cent a year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Environment
officials have floated a pair of options on the future of Hong Kong's energy
mix. One proposal involves drawing a third of the city's electricity from the
mainland power grid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Under
fuel-mix proposals for 2023, mainland company China Southern Power Grid may
export up to 15 billion kilowatt-hours a year to Hong Kong - an option that
Secretary for the Environment Wong Kam-sing claims can help the city outperform
its targets of <a href="https://foursquare.com/thehaneygroup">cutting carbon
emissions</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Higher
electricity bills are in store no matter which option is chosen, Wong has
warned.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lau, a
former member of the government's advisory council on the environment, said
tougher energy and carbon reduction targets should be imposed on the city's two
power suppliers.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">"The
government should also explain more about the two fuel-mix options," he
said. "We need to know how much more electricity prices will go up and
why.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-34712645378639496352014-05-07T18:55:00.002-07:002014-05-07T18:59:07.123-07:00Energy Saving - The Haney Group New Ideas in Lighting <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ever
since government regulations began phasing out the traditional light bulb in
2012, the once-simple visit to the lighting aisle has become an exercise in
navigating a dizzying array of choices and terminologies, especially for new
kinds of compact fluorescents and LEDs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Now,
those choices are about to become even more complicated. Two start-up companies
are poised to begin selling bulbs that use entirely different technologies —
one borrowed from heavy industry and the other from old-fashioned televisions —
but meet the new energy standards.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Whether
they can capture customers who remain stubbornly wedded to incandescent light
is anybody's guess. But that both have come this far is an indication of how
unsettled the <a href="http://www.cnbc.com/id/101641937">consumer lighting
market</a> remains, despite years of promotion for the new energy-saving
options.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">"It's
going to be a really long putt to try to replace the incandescent," said
Mark Rea, director of the <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/">Lighting
Research Center</a> at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. "People hate
change of any kind. We make light sources today that are better than
incandescent by any metric at delivering the benefits you're expecting from
lighting. But it's different."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Indeed,
incandescent bulbs — whether leftover store inventory of standard lights or
halogen models that meet the new regulations, which went fully into effect in
January — outsell other types by far at big-box stores like Home Depot and
Lowe's, lighting executives there say. In the last quarter of 2013, according
to statistics from the National Electrical Manufacturers Association,
incandescent bulbs accounted for 65 percent of shipments from manufacturers,
with the remainder consisting of mainly <a href="http://www.scribd.com/haneyenergy">compact fluorescents</a>.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Even
as government officials, manufacturers and retailers focus their efforts on
improving and marketing LED technology, researchers and entrepreneurs have been
pursuing others, convinced that none of the options on the market offer
consumers a close enough match to the familiar light quality at a low enough
price. LED bulbs, for example, offer light quality that many experts say is equal
to or better than the traditional incandescent bulbs, but their price — often
$10 a bulb or less after starting out several years ago at about twice that —
has scared off consumers. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-34089412628896910072014-05-06T05:26:00.002-07:002014-05-06T05:26:56.085-07:00Why Solar Power Is Booming but Will Never Replace Coal<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
In recent years, solar power has shown tremendous growth.
Last year alone, the solar industry hit a new record in terms of installed
solar capacity. The data shows the impact which according to the Energy Information Administration
reached 3.5 million megawatthours of electricity produced by solar photovoltaic
panels in 2012. In 2013, that figure more than doubled to 8.3 million Mwh. And
to think that ten years ago, the U.S. generated only 6,000 Mwh from solar PV
cells. Solar is gradually closing in on price parity with other energy sources
such as coal — with full-cycle, unsubsidized costs of almost 13 cents per
kilowatthour against 12 cents for more <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/why-solar-power-is-booming-but-will-never-replace-coal/">modern
coal plants</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
So, is the solar revolution finally arrived? Not really.
Even after ten years of rampant growth, solar energy still hardly makes an
impact in the U.S. energy field. In truth, solar only equals the amount of
electricity that the nation produces by burning natural gas derived from
landfills. And it is merely a little more significant than the 7.3 million Mwh
we get from combusting human waste filtered out of municipal sewer structures.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Ultimately, when you collate all the sources of energy
used up in this nation, captured solar energy adds up to significantly less
than 1 quadrillion Btu out of an yearly total of 96.5 quadrillion.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The largest sources are the traditional standbys. Oil
still stands above the rest at 36 quadrillion Btu, natural gas at 26 quads and
nuclear at 8. Hydropower and biomass follow from behind at 2.6 and 2.7 quads.
Wind is only 1.5 quads. And coal — the great carbon-emitting monster of the
global energy sources —contributes 19 quads. That is about 8 times all the
country’s wind and solar generation put together.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
This is very vital important to remember in light of
pending efforts by the EPA to institute draconian fresh regulations governing
carbon dioxide emissions from coal-burning power facilities. Coal emits about
1.7 billion metric tons annually of carbon dioxide out of the 5.3 billion ton
yearly total.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The assumption, by policy makers such as President Obama,
is that the nation can reduce carbon emissions by shutting down coal plants,
while making up for the lost electricity by using more natural gas and putting
up more solar and wind plants. In truth, natural gas has replaced much of the
coal output. In 2013, coal production from U.S. mines went down to 995.8
million short tons. The last time it went that low was in the late 1980s. Coal
production reached its height in 2008 at 1.17 billion short tons.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The president is instituting significant measures to
control heat-trapping pollution from coal-fired power plants and to increase
renewable energy production on state-owned facilities, making use of his
executive powers to resolve climate change issues and avoiding the partisan
debacles in Congress.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The shortfall in demand has gravely affected America’s
largest coal-mining firms. In the past five years, shares in Peabody Energy BTU
+1.5% went down 36%, Arch Coal down 67% and Alpha Natural Resources ANR -1.67%
off 78%. In contrast, shares in Solar City SCTY - 4.48%, up 400% in only 18
months.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
However, coal is not dead. Certainly not close to it.
“Even when the president is against coal, it is like you stand against City
Hall. But the truth will conquer,” says Andrew Redinger, managing director at
KeyBanc Capital Markets, which has performed investment banking work for coal
firms and for solar developers. “I see coal recovering soon. The best thing for
coal will be when we begin exporting natural gas.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
This winter proved that “announcing the death of coal is
premature,” says Bob Yu, analyst at Bentek, a division of Platts. “Winter
showed that natural gas is utilized for heating. Coal use was significantly up
this winter because of natural gas purchases by retail buyers.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Consider what occurred last winter during the chilling
grip of the polar vortex. In January, shortfalls of natural gas in the
Northeast led to price spikes above $100 per mmBTU in some markets. Electricity
spot prices in the Mid-Atlantic region peaked as much as $2,000 per
megawatthour for a short period. Natural gas experienced high demand for
residential furnaces that electric utilities could not even get what they
required for their power facilities. Some had to turn to back-up emergency
generators that use much more expensive petroleum. So much for that so-called
glut of shale gas.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Natural gas prices have already increased three-fold
within two years. And coal-to-gas shift has already reversed. From making up
40% of the national electricity mix in the first quarter of 2013, coal’s share
grew to 41.4% in the first quarter of 2014. Natural gas was down from 25.6% of
total power production a year ago to 23.8% in the first quarter of 2014.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
This will dampen what has been a slow shift away from
coal. Power firms have been closing down old coal-burning facilities ahead of
more stringent emissions regulations, with 4.7 gigawatts of coal capacity shut
down in 2013, following the 10.3 GW in 2012. Another 60 GW of additional
closures will occur by 2020. Analyst Yu says, “that may appear like a lot, but
not in connection to the entire power mix.” The plants being shut down are many
years old, not yet outfitted with the pricey “scrubbing” technology that can
decrease harmful emissions by 90%, even when burning low-quality,
sulfur-carrying coal.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
At large electric facilities in the Midwest, where coal
still supplies over 70% of fuel, the costs of converting coal into power are so
low that we will see negligible shift over to natural gas — especially with
prices of gas tripling in two years. In fact, the issue is whether or not shale
gas drillers will have the capacity to fill up depleted gas storage ahead of
the coming winter. We should be alright. After all, predictions say more than
ample natural gas supplies are available as far as can be foreseen. Once
pipeline obstacles are cleared out, there should be enough gas for everyone
wherever it is needed.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
So, what would it require for America to replace every
coal-fired power facility (totalling to 19 quads of energy annually) with solar
and natural gas? Let us consider it. Assuming a natural gas turbine
construction bonanza, coupled with a rise in gas power plants’ operations to
full capacity, we could significantly enhance power generation from gas by 50%
in five years, supplying about 13 quads. To make up the rest of coal’s share
with solar would require increasing the amount of electricity we get from solar
about six times to about 50,000 megawatthours annually. Attaining that would
mean 20% compound yearly growth in solar installations for a decade. Or almost
9% CAGR for 20 years.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
This is feasible, on the short term. Electricity
production from solar PV generation almost tripled from 2009 to 2010. It grew
more than twice in 2011. And more than three times in 2012. Achieving such a
growth rate is not difficult when you are small; but the bigger the base the
harder it gets. Wind power is a fine example — it managed to increase 19% last
year from a much larger base, to 168 million Mwh. But remember: Both wind and
solar energy have to overcome the obstacle of geography — developers build
systems in the most windy and sunny areas first. The worse the location, the
more panels or windmills you require to attain the same amount of electricity.
That is the reason why it is less important how many megawatts of solar
capacity is built and more important how much actual electricity that is
produced by those solar panels.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
For all the discussions on “grid parity”, the simple
truth is that even mixed with far more power generation from natural gas,
renewable sources will need many decades to replace coal completely. And the
irony will be that as the coal demand decreases, it will become less and less
expensive, making it even more attractive for the coal-burning power facilities
that endure through the coming storm. The direct cost of producing electricity
from coal is 2.5 cents per Kwh.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
It is encouraging to see that even some noted veteran
environmentalists have proven themselves to be realistic when it comes to coal.
Armond Cohen, executive director of the Clean Air Task Force, has concentrated
for three decades on minimizing the environmental impact of the global energy
system. Yet in an article published late last year, he claimed that “coal is
not going away.”<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Coal will be crucial to economic modernization in the
developing world, where most energy supply will be installed in the next three
decades. Coal will also have an important residual role in much of the OECD.
Coal is not going away. We need to start using it without emitting considerable
amounts of carbon dioxide, and quickly. If we don’t, the risk to global climate
is great, and possibly irreversible. It’s that simple. People who think
otherwise, and simply hope for the death of coal, are not admitting the facts.
(…)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Let me be direct and clear: Except for the environmental
challenges, this expansion of coal-fired power boom is a desirable development;
dependable energy is a correlate of economic growth and human development. But
let me be equally clear: The carbon produced by this expansion is unacceptable
and puts us on a dire collision path with our global climate.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Coal has become enormously cleaner over the past
generation. And novel and better ways will be discovered to derive energy from
coal without producing dangerous by-products and burdening the environment. It
is scalable and dependable in ways that renewable energy sources simply are
not. Hence, unless we are willing to put up with blackouts that freeze grandma
during winter and melt her in summer, coal will stay as a faithful source of
U.S. power generation for many years to come.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-39165980923812972692014-05-05T19:14:00.002-07:002014-05-05T19:14:26.199-07:00Origami-like lightbulb worlds Energy Saving-The Haney Group<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">How
many engineers does it take to change a light bulb? Three, it turns out. The
founders of Hong Kong-based Nanoleaf – former engineering undergrads Gimmy Chu,
Christian Yan and Tom Rodinger – are on a mission to reinvent the humble
invention that has remain unchanged for over a century. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
result is both unexpected and beautiful. <a href="http://www.techinasia.com/origamilike-lightbulb-worlds-energy-efficient/">Nanoleaf’s
LED bulb</a> is a geeky origami project – its body is made of folded silicon
instead of glass. According to the company, this design makes it extremely
energy efficient. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“Being
a scientist, Tom has an engineering perspective,” says Yan. “Why use an extra
material like glass? Why not mold the <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/">circuit
board</a> in a shape of a light bulb?” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">With
every component designed from scratch, the bulb brings 87 percent energy
savings compared to the existing LED variety. It produces 133 lumens-per-watts,
almost double the efficiency of Philips’ 22-watt bulb. The design has another
positive spin-off: more efficiency means less heat, making Nanoleaf’s bulb one
of the coolest around. Literally. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">At
US$35 each, it isn’t too far beyond other LED bulbs, so the pricing isn’t
prohibitive considering the <a href="http://haneyenergy.tumblr.com/">long-term
cost savings</a>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">There’s
a trade-off though. A more efficient light bulb has a lower color rendering
index, which means it brings out less of a surrounding’s natural colors, making
the environment less attractive. This has implications for the retail and food
sector, as well as for discerning homeowners. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">This
is another engineering problem that the Nanoleaf team wants to solve. It will
also introduce warmer-colored lighting, which homeowners tend to prefer, for
the next iteration of the bulb.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The
startup’s goal is to push the product into as many people’s hands as possible,
which was why they decided to enter fundraising mode. </span></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-79529821369935424692014-01-07T23:26:00.001-08:002014-01-07T23:26:48.531-08:0010 Natural Alternatives to Energy Drinks<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Almost every one of us is living in a fast lane and so
are most of the Americans and we support this kind of lifestyle with no other
than <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/renewable-energy/">energy</a>
drinks.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
According to Packaged Facts, a food and beverage market
research firm, consumer demand for energy drinks increased 60 percent between
2008 and 2012. Sales of energy drinks and shots summed more than $12.5 billion
in 2012 and Packaged Facts estimates this figure to boost to $21.5 billion by
2017.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Products who label themselves as the “energy” packaged
drinks, shots, drink mixes and extra heavily caffeinated soft drinks. Katherine
Zeratsky, R.D., L.D., for the Mayo Clinic explains, most rely on large amounts of
caffeine, along with sugar and other additives, to temporarily boost energy.
The United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) suggests “stimulant drink” is a
more appropriate name for this class of beverages.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The USADA found tyrosine and phenylalanine, which may
interfere with medication; kola nut and guarana, which are sources of caffeine;
yohimbe while analyzing commonly used ingredients in energy drinks, which
interacts with anti-depressants; and ma huang, which is a plant source of
ephedra. Competitive athletes should focus more on to energy drink ingredients,
warns the USADA, as banned stimulants may come out having some other name.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Depending on energy drinks for just a boost of energy is
fine sometimes but taking these kinds of products has harmful effects on the
body. Excessive caffeine can cause nervousness, irritability, insomnia,
increased heartbeat and elevated blood pressure.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Plus, it can trigger more serious complications such as
migraines, seizures and heart problems. Reported by Medical News Today, the
number of people receiving emergency treatment as a result of consuming energy
drinks increased from 10,068 in 2007 to 20,783 in 2011,<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
If regularly feel fatigued or tired, or maybe you have a
problem with your <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/low-carbon-technology/">low
energy</a> or you, identifying the cause can be helpful in identifying
effective, natural strategies. “Usually when people are feeling the need for an
energy boost, it is due to a low-blood sugar or dehydration,” says Mindy Black,
a board-certified dietitian and exercise physiologist.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Blood sugars drop 3 to 4 hours after a meal or 30 to 45
minutes after a high-sugar snack.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
“No matter how perfect their lunch may have been, blood
sugars only remain stable for about three hours,” Black says. She recommends
one of these energy-boosting combos rather than energy drink. The secret is to
include lean protein with quality carbs.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
• Handful
of almonds mixed with a handful of whole grain cereal<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
• Beet
juice with low-fat string cheese<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
• A
smoothie with yogurt, a few strawberries and a banana or a mandarin orange and
handful of walnuts<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
• Salmon
and half a cup of quinoa or brown rice<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
• A
glass of chocolate milk<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Another common cause of low energy is dehydration. “If
we’re dehydrated, a lot of our organs and vital systems are slowing down, which
can make us lethargic and tired,” Black says. “If you are not drinking enough
hydration fluids, not sodas and alcohol or juice, to have clear or close to
clear urine every 90 minutes, your energy drain may be due to dehydration.” The
solution? Drink more water.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
One typical reason why people feel tired is that they’ve
depleted their glycogen stores.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
“Perceived exertion and perception of fatigue are
directly related to low glycogen stores,” says Barbara Lewin, RD, LD, sports
nutritionist and owner of Sports-Nutritionist.com. “That translates into not
taking in enough carbohydrates, especially before and after your workouts. This
is the primary reason for athletes experiencing low energy levels. The best
ways to boost your energy levels is to consume carbs throughout the day.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Here are a few more natural energy boosters:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
• Snack
on healthy carbohydrates, such as apples and oatmeal<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
• Include
foods containing iron, such as spinach, nuts, oysters and dark chocolate, in
your diet<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
• Drink
cold water to increase energy for up to two hours<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
• Take a
quick 10-minute walk<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
• Catch
a 20-minute power nap<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Although energy drinks offer a short-term solution to low
energy, developing healthy habits such as getting enough sleep, eating
wholesome foods every 3 to 4 hours and regular physical activity will keep you
energized all day, every day.<o:p></o:p></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-57523839485858016292013-12-18T23:15:00.001-08:002013-12-18T23:15:18.757-08:00Solar Startup Could Make At-Home Renewable Energy Purchases Easily<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
An online marketplace will let U.S. homeowners to
evaluate selections for going solar as easily as they can compare prices for
airline tickets for the first time this December.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Geostellar is a startup backed by power producer NRG <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/index.html">Energy</a> Inc. It is in quest of
becoming the Expedia or Orbitz of the <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/including-all-the-benefits-in-cost-benefit-analyses-of-solar-energy/">solar
industry</a>. The said solar industry is a one-stop shop where consumers can
not compare the benefits of leasing solar panels versus buying them outright alone
but eventually sign up to install a system.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
On the site, www.geostellar.com, Solar players together
with NRG, No. 1 U.S. installer SolarCity Corp, Boston-based solar loan provider
Admirals Bank, manufacturer and financier Conergy, East Coast installer Roof
Diagnostics and Connecticut’s Clean Energy Finance and Investment Authority
will feature their products.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Geostellar looks forward to its platform will let
installers and financiers to lower the price of getting hold of new customers.
It is a main objective in the ferociously competitive rooftop solar industry.
Solar companies are centered on cutting prices therefore they will be able
deliver on their promise to save customers money on power bills by converting
to solar.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Geostellar will make money by claiming a portion of a
system’s total installed price – between 10 and 20 percent, Chief Executive
David Levine said.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
According to Levine, Geostellar, which was founded in
2010, got its start by selling data to solar companies that showed the solar
energy potential of individual rooftops. Its early customers included solar
financing companies SunRun, Sungevity and others.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
It increased to $14 million from NRG, Flash Forward
Ventures, satellite imagery company GeoEye (now owned by DigitalGlobe Inc), and
the state of Maryland’s venture capital fund, in May 2012<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Levine had tried to convince his customers to use
Washington-based Geostellar’s data to build a website where consumers can
comparison shop for solar. He resolved to use those funds to build it himself.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
“We went back to those customers and said instead of us
giving you data and you doing the marketing, we want to be your customer
acquisition engine,” Levine said in an interview.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
To build 3D representations of neighborhoods and their
rooftops, Geostellar makes use of satellite data. It is a simulation that moves
the sun across the sky then facilitates the company calculates how much sun a
rooftop gets at any specific time of the year. A key factor of this occurrence
is in determining whether going solar makes financial sense. The website then
layers on the value of government incentives in addition to local utility rates
to provide customers a full view of what it would charge them to sign up for a
solar installation.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Visitors to Geostellar’s website or its mobile app called
Solar Mojo can then compare and contrast the costs and <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/including-all-the-benefits-in-cost-benefit-analyses-of-solar-energy/">benefits
of a solar lease</a>, a lending plan or a cash purchase, depending on the
market. Lastly, they can sign up for what they want with the click of a button.<o:p></o:p></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-17957045667138514132013-11-13T07:21:00.001-08:002013-11-13T07:21:00.511-08:00Zero-emission cars on roads by 2025: Eight US states pledge to get 3.3m zero-emission<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
On Thursday, the governors of eight states pledged to get
3.3m <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/assessment-of-potential-reduction-of-emissions/">zero-emission</a>
vehicles on roadways by 2025 in an effort to curb greenhouse gas pollution. In
the eight states includes California and New York<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
To sign a memorandum of understanding, representatives
from all eight states were to assemble in Sacramento. This would raise
infrastructure and make other alternations to help increase market share for
electric cars, hydrogen fuel-cell electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids. The
expectations are in 2015, there should be more than 200,000 zero emissions
vehicles on the road.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
“This agreement is a major step forward to reducing the
emissions that are causing our climate to change and unleashing the extreme
weather that we are experiencing with increased frequency,” New York Governor
Andrew M Cuomo said in a statement.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The other states such as Massachusetts, Maryland, Oregon,
Connecticut, Rhode Island and Vermont are also involve in the agreement. All in
all the eight states represent about 23 percent of the US auto market.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Every state has already separately agreed to policies to
entail a percentage of new vehicles sold to be zero emission by 2025.
California’s authorization alone of 15.4% calls for a total of 1.5m
zero-emission vehicles to be on the state’s roads by that time.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
It’s a precipitous curve. Today in California,
plug-in-hybrids and electric vehicles make up less than 2% of the auto market.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
First, the states will institute a taskforce to
contribute ideas that will help inflate the network of charging and fueling
stations necessary to make electric and hydrogen-fueled vehicles more striking
to consumers, all under terms of the memorandum.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
“The idea is to broaden the pool of people talking about
this and working their way through the challenges that come up in setting up
this kind of infrastructure, and growing this kind of a market,” said Dave
Clegern, a spokesman for California’s Air Resources Board, which regulates auto
emissions.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Now, there are 16 zero-emission vehicles from eight
manufacturers on the market; nine that run on batteries alone, two hydrogen
fuel cell cars and five plug-in hybrid models, which can run on battery alone
or gasoline.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Officials say that every automaker will have a
zero-emission model by 2015.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
According to car dealers, who are under pressure to help
meet these 2025 goals, getting fueling infrastructure like charging stations in
place quickly is the only way to get average consumers used to a new product
that requires new driving habits.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
“We think that is going to be necessary for some of the
range anxiety and other acceptance barriers that need to be broken down,” said
Brian Maas, president of the California New Car Dealers Association.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
“The cars are coming – they’re here already – but if you
don’t have a place to charge them, there’s not going to be the level of
consumer acceptance.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Governors signing the memorandum all addressed the
cooperative exertion as a way to hurriedly resolve the foreseeable problems
that occur when making such far-reaching adjustments in people’s everyday
lives.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Furthermore some observe future economic benefits from
the switch to new vehicles.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick said more electric
vehicles are key to his state’s efforts grow the region’s economy.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
“Diversifying transportation fuels and providing drivers
with options will help reduce vulnerability to price swings in imported oil
that hurt consumers and our economy,” Patrick said in a statement.<o:p></o:p></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-42140750535349564652013-07-17T02:40:00.001-07:002013-07-17T02:40:58.738-07:00Renewable Energy Sources Used For Boiler Electricity Room Production in Middle East and North Africa<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.25pt; mso-line-height-alt: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-PH" style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">The Middle East & North Africa (MENA) region belongs to the few areas
in the world where investment in <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/renewable-energy-sources-used-for-boiler-electricity-room-production-in-middle-east-and-north-africa/">renewable
energy</a> appears to be overcoming the global economic crisis. Fresh
investment in renewable energy in the region amounted to USD 2.9 billion in
2012, up by about 40% from that of 2011 and a 6.5-times growth from 2004.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.25pt; mso-line-height-alt: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
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<span lang="EN-PH" style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">The region’s growth in the renewable energy sector posted increased confidence
among investors from 2009 to 2012, exhibited primarily by the entry of some of
the largest international energy corporations into the solar energy market,
including, in particular, national and global oil and gas companies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQGyjeilSvOtgKzBlJ8N7xWOBpYqaxO91JN03shYOcamfDV3-hvskALDVdhDmQGG5oXQdjphPG1IMMDq1emu6gxF7x_Wr8_zV7ifvZu8RWTsP6PGqsGvt2SVU72m0ItC5qYv20ojeIt58/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQGyjeilSvOtgKzBlJ8N7xWOBpYqaxO91JN03shYOcamfDV3-hvskALDVdhDmQGG5oXQdjphPG1IMMDq1emu6gxF7x_Wr8_zV7ifvZu8RWTsP6PGqsGvt2SVU72m0ItC5qYv20ojeIt58/s400/2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.25pt; mso-line-height-alt: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-PH" style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">Solar energy has gained the top average annual growth in the region’s power
generation production.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-PH" style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">Wind ranks second with average annual growth of 27%, about five times over
that of fossil fuels, while retaining the lead in total installed capacity
among non-hydro renewables.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.25pt; mso-line-height-alt: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-PH" style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">Based on absolute values, hydroelectric power still holds the chief
renewable energy source for power generation in MENA at present.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-PH" style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwnXtRf8lji_W3fJuqOl0rop_1FUOAsHnYJK4E9CR_66NemNgbsn3fnldbD2v5lKFkJEh_UKHs8deRLAkgqHM7gCSEwlo_m1eWo6P9IuTgdJxYBzgWCFp8s-h-kFr3_HR7aG5iAKWa4Q4/s1600/4123.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwnXtRf8lji_W3fJuqOl0rop_1FUOAsHnYJK4E9CR_66NemNgbsn3fnldbD2v5lKFkJEh_UKHs8deRLAkgqHM7gCSEwlo_m1eWo6P9IuTgdJxYBzgWCFp8s-h-kFr3_HR7aG5iAKWa4Q4/s400/4123.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 5.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.25pt; mso-line-height-alt: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-PH" style="color: #333333; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-PH;">The percentage share of renewable energy climbed to 3.3%, up by 0.4%
percentage points within the same period. Although this may appear like a
negligible gain, it should be emphasized that renewable power generation garnered
shares against traditional power sources despite a marked increase in demand
for electricity, which makes this growth truly significant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-79379468251889580822013-07-05T22:52:00.000-07:002013-07-05T22:52:08.818-07:00Energy savings by operations<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiB1oMdm0NgO1l8OEHkP4e2wCEHV50WsPncCAQ5tCwl-1kliB9kKKS7WHIAd83rp1tGdhBgLaR9BYCZFNpxMOHcxyFZglhOgOZEUfQR0uT8nE3eDagqd84ux9nLk2J2mMtSNRP-i7-DUo/s1600/renewable-energy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiB1oMdm0NgO1l8OEHkP4e2wCEHV50WsPncCAQ5tCwl-1kliB9kKKS7WHIAd83rp1tGdhBgLaR9BYCZFNpxMOHcxyFZglhOgOZEUfQR0uT8nE3eDagqd84ux9nLk2J2mMtSNRP-i7-DUo/s320/renewable-energy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>Fleet management, logistics and incentives</b><br />
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5.23 Reductions in scheduled speed (i.e., accepting longer
voyage periods) will enhance efficiency although it will result in more ships
being required. Nevertheless, there is a trade-off between freight rates and
fuel cost: with lower freight rates and higher fuel prices, it may be more
advantageous to reduce speed.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Generally speaking, efficiency improves when we concentrate
cargoes in larger ships as much as possible. Obviously, larger ships that are
not fully loaded are not efficient when they do sail. Smaller ships, on the
other hand, end up having higher net <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/?page_id=44">energy efficiency</a> for being able to fill
their cargo hold to capacity and having access to more ports and cargo types,
[7].<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Voyage optimization<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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5.29 Voyage optimization can be achieved by:<o:p></o:p></div>
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.1 choosing optimal routes to avoid adverse weather and
current conditions will minimize energy consumption (weather routeing);<o:p></o:p></div>
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.3 ballast optimization – preventing unnecessary ballast
use. Attaining optimal ballast may sometimes be difficult since it also affects
the safety and comfort of the crew; and<o:p></o:p></div>
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.4 trim optimization – determining and operating at the
proper trim.<o:p></o:p></div>
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5.31 Weather routeing can bring substantial savings for
ships on particular navigational courses. Certain types of weather routeing
systems, performance monitoring systems and technical support systems and other
procedures can be used to help attain optimal voyage performance.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Energy management<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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There are certain cargoes, such as special crude oils,
bitumen, heavy fuel oils, etc., that need heating.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The heat required may partly be provided by producing steam
or using exhaust heat. However, in many instances an extra steam boiler is
required to supply enough steam. Steam from exhaust gas is usually sufficient
to heat the heavy fuel oil used on most vessels; in port, however, steam from
an auxiliary boiler may be required.<o:p></o:p></div>
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5.35 It is often feasible to decrease energy use on board by
achieving more conscious and optimal operation of ship systems. Examples of
measures to under taken include:<o:p></o:p></div>
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.1 avoiding unnecessary use of energy;<o:p></o:p></div>
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.2 avoiding parallel running of electrical generators;<o:p></o:p></div>
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.3 optimizing steam plants (tankers);<o:p></o:p></div>
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.4 optimizing the fuel clarifier/separator;<o:p></o:p></div>
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.5 optimizing HVAC operation on board;<o:p></o:p></div>
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.6 cleaning heat exchangers and the economiser; and<o:p></o:p></div>
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.7 detecting and repairing leakages in boilers and
compressed-air systems, etc.<o:p></o:p></div>
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A lot of savings may be achieved by upgrading automation and
process control, for example, automatic temperature control, flow control
(automatic speed control of pumps and fans) and automatic lights. The potential
for attaining energy-savings using energy-management measures is hard to
determine, since that depends on the ship’s previous operational efficiency and
on the contribution of auxiliary power use in the overall energy scheme. A 10%
savings on auxiliary power may be a practical target for many vessels. This
amounts to about 1 to 2% of the total fuel consumption, depending on actual
conditions.<o:p></o:p></div>
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5.37 Optimal maintenance and tuning up of main engines.<o:p></o:p></div>
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5.38 Maintaining a clean hull and propeller is vital in
achieving fuel efficiency.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Selecting more effective hull coatings.<o:p></o:p></div>
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16. Reducing navigational for ships is often seen as a
“quick win” in terms of reducing carbon emissions from vessels.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Recent studies reveal that many abatement technologies are
available, and cost-effective, such as:<o:p></o:p></div>
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- Slide
valves reduce NO2 on slow-speed engines by 20%, very inexpensive, fit easily
and are cost-effective.<o:p></o:p></div>
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- In-engine
controls could reduce new engine NO2 by 30%.<o:p></o:p></div>
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- Selective
Catalytic Reduction cuts NO2 by 90%.<o:p></o:p></div>
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- Water
Injection/Humid Air Motor cuts NO2 by 50%/75%.<o:p></o:p></div>
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- Scrubbing
by sea-water cuts SO2 by 75%.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-59202494164607703152013-07-04T03:27:00.001-07:002013-07-04T03:27:21.495-07:00Housing Corp. Switches From Fuel Oil to Natural Gas, Saves $2.8m<div class="MsoNormal">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjISNjg6UOo7tSICGH0QUQDbi1J9R6BVYgaJAdWW5qyBFfq3WMxjnVc0D_Rb5GFXnzRNz-2rhFAeALPE09YAXeuSy2jWJWMCS_1swDtNT4InXW4Ifj-Y6cYzDM07MbqTY7HgKY7OuF63OY/s300/CCES-boiler.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjISNjg6UOo7tSICGH0QUQDbi1J9R6BVYgaJAdWW5qyBFfq3WMxjnVc0D_Rb5GFXnzRNz-2rhFAeALPE09YAXeuSy2jWJWMCS_1swDtNT4InXW4Ifj-Y6cYzDM07MbqTY7HgKY7OuF63OY/s300/CCES-boiler.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/?page_id=149">Climate
Change & Environmental Services (CCES)</a> managed the construction
management and environmental permitting for a major boiler modernization
project for a large apartment complex in New York City that has reduced
emissions and saved the complex over $2.8 million in fuel costs compared to the
previous 12-month period.<o:p></o:p></div>
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East River Housing (ERH) Corporation operates a boiler house
providing heat and hot water to a number of apartment buildings with over 2,700
units plus a shopping center. It had been combusting over 2 million gallons of
No. 6 fuel oil annually. The housing corporation decided to modernize the
boilers and switch from fuel oil to natural gas.<o:p></o:p></div>
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ERH replaced one aging boiler with a new modern unit and
renovated its other two existing boilers, installing new low NOx burners with
flue gas recirculation. ERH worked with Con Edison, the local utility, to bring
a natural gas line into the boiler house for the fuel switch.<o:p></o:p></div>
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No. 2 diesel oil is to be used as a backup during natural
gas interruptions, necessitating the installation of a new tank farm replacing
the No. 6 fuel oil tank farm.<o:p></o:p></div>
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CCES carried out construction management to address
scheduling and technical issues with the implementation of the installation and
testing, as well as all environmental permitting. The physical installations
are complete and the plant has operated under natural gas for one full year
now.<o:p></o:p></div>
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CCES has assessed the cost savings due to the project. Given
natural gas being piped to the facility, removal of No. 6 oil tanks, and use of
a modern No. 2 oil tank farm, ERH virtually eliminated the risk of a messy oil
spill in the densely populated area. In addition, emissions of pollutants
critical in an urban area all markedly dropped because of this project, such as
NOx (85%), particulate matter (75%), greenhouse gases (equivalent of removing
4,600 cars from the road), and SO2 (99%). These reductions helped change the
permitting status of ERH from major to minor, saving them much in fees and
removing several regulatory requirements.<o:p></o:p></div>
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CCES determined that themal efficiency improved by about 18%
(fewer therms to create steam). “We are not sure if the thermal efficiency
improved because of natural gas being more fluid than No. 6 fuel oil, which is
thick and viscous or because of the new equipment. But probably both
contributed,” said Marc Karell, principal with CCES.<o:p></o:p></div>
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CCES also calculated cost savings. In the 12 months of
natural gas service (May 2012 through April 2013), ERH directly saved over $2.8
million (63%) in fuel costs compared to the previous 12-month period, despite
this being a measurably colder winter than the one before. CCES also calculated
avoided cost savings (added fuel costs ERH would have had to incur if ERH still
combusted No. 6 fuel oil with the old <a href="http://www.energymanagertoday.com/uk-regulator-investigates-energy-companies-that-failed-to-achieve-efficiency-targets-091556/">boilers</a>).
The avoided cost savings for the 12-month period was conservatively estimated
to be over $5.3 million.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The project payback, initially anticipated to be about 4
years, will be under 2.5 years based on direct cost savings.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Asked if switching from fuel oil to natural gas was a viable
option for other facilities, Karell said it depends on the availability of
natural gas and the cost of extending a natural gas line to the site.<o:p></o:p></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-21810244853842346182013-07-03T04:08:00.002-07:002013-07-03T04:17:58.448-07:00Including All the Benefits in Cost-Benefit Analyses of Solar Energy<div class="MsoNormal">
On the issue of evaluating energy alternatives, <a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/boiler-technology-review-2/">biomass boiler</a>
policymakers makes a room to commonly conduct cost-benefit anlayses. Which
appears almost run-of-the-mill, correct? The difficulty, however, arises when
we have to choose the parameters. What costs should we input? Short-term or
long-term costs? Should we include externalities? If a particular system has
by-products that pollute and endanger life on earth as it is, how greatly
should it affect our decisions? These are the vital questions that we need to
consider.<o:p></o:p></div>
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So it goes for the benefit side. Do we give weight to the
resource as a short-term or long-term energy provider? Do we consider the time
of generation, knowing that electric power costs are higher when there is a
great demand for it? Do we input other benefits from the grid, for instance,
the opportunity to do away with other capital investments in tranmission and
distribution systems?<o:p></o:p></div>
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And there are those benefits existing outside of the grid.
Should we input into the analyses the value of having cleaner air and reduced
morbidity for society at large? What about the impacts of climate change?
Economic and employment impacts? And impacts of the use of water?<o:p></o:p></div>
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We believe we should.<o:p></o:p></div>
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For this purpose, we have joined a coalition of
similarly-oriented companies (American Lung Association in California,
California Center for Sustainable Energy, Asia Pacific Environmental Network,
Brightline Defense Project, California Environmental Justice Alliance,
California Solar Energy Industries Association, Distributed Energy Consumer
Advocates, Environment California Research & Policy Center, Coalition for
Clean Air, Environmental Defense Fund, Interstate Renewable Energy Council,
Inc., Local Energy Aggreagation Network, Dr. Luis Pacheco, Presente.org, Sierra
Club, Solar Energy Industries Association) in order to petition the California
Energy Commission to carry out a study of the societal costs and benefits of
the State’s net-energy metering program.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />
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<b>Vote Solar</b> is a
non-profit organization striving against the ill-effects of climate change and
fostering economic development by introducing solar energy as a primary power
source in society.<o:p></o:p></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-32097883817773541952013-07-02T04:52:00.000-07:002013-07-02T04:52:05.687-07:00A Room for Alternative Energy Source: Solar Energy Collecting as an Alternative Energy Source<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/boiler-technology-review-2/">Boiler
Efficiency Technology</a>: Compared to solar energy which collects alternative
energy at a dependable constant, water evaporates and wind dies down.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A solar panel is made up of an array of black squares called
photovoltaic cells which collect energy from the Sun. More and more, solar
panels are getting more efficient, and progressively cheaper due to innovative
designs which focus the collected sunlight with ever-increasing precision to a
singular point.<o:p></o:p></div>
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As the size of the cells decreases, their efficiency
increases, making each cell less expensive and more productive to manufacture.
In terms of cost, therefore, the price of producing solar-power energy per
watt-hour has decreased to $4.00 as of this writing; whereas, 17 years ago, it
was almost double that cost.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Generating solar-powered electricity is clearly
environment-friendly because of its absolutely zero emissions into the
atmosphere while it utilizes one of the most naturally available resources to
generate it.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Solar panels are gradually and definitely becoming more
practical and popular features on the rooftops of people’s homes, being easy to
install as a heating system to provide hot water or electricity.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Photovoltaic cells utilize copper pipes running through a
glass-covered collector for heating water which is usually stored in a water
tank on the roof. The circulated water is siphoned thermally in and out of the
tank, producing hot water.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Even on cloudy or stormy days, photovoltaic cells have
become more efficient at collecting enough solar energy. Particularly,
Uni-Solar, has developed solar collection arrays for the home that operate
efficiently during overcast days, by utilizing a more technologically-advanced
system which stores more energy at one time during sunny days than other
less-efficient systems.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Another solar power system now available for consumers is
the PV System which is connected to a nearby electrical grid. When there is an
excess of solar energy being collected by any home, the excess energy is
transmitted to the grid for shared use as a means of decreasing the grid’s
dependence on hydro-generated electricity.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Connecting to the PV System can help bring down one’s energy
costs as compared to a complete solar energy system, while immediately
decreasing pollution and removing pressure off the grid system. Several places
are establishing centralized solar collection systems for small towns or
suburban areas.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Some top corporations have signified their intention to also
enter into the use of solar power generation (a clear sign that solar-generated
energy has become an economically viable source of alternative energy).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In fact, Google is installing a 1.6-megawatt solar-power generation
system on top of its corporate headquarters, while Wal Mart plans to set up its
own gigantic 100-megawatt system.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Countries, such as Japan, Switzerland, Germany, Australia
and the United States, have been promoting the cause of solar-energy production
by granting government subsidies or by providing tax breaks to companies and
families who desire to use solar power for generating their heat or
electricity.<o:p></o:p></div>
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With the advances in technology being applied for more
efficient solar collection materials, more and more private investors will
realize the advantages of investing in this “green” system and view solar
energy collecting as a wise and productive alternative energy source.<o:p></o:p></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-4832491642834669232013-06-11T20:54:00.004-07:002013-06-11T20:54:51.217-07:00ICCT RECOMMENDATIONS<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ICCT RECOMMENDATIONS</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fuels</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Short term</span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Reduced fuel sulfur level in SO<sub>2</sub> Emission
Control Areas (SECAs) from 1.5% to 0.5%.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Include SO<sub>2</sub> /PM related health
effects in addition to impacts on air, sea, and land as justification for SECA.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Enhance SECA program to high ship-traffic
areas in Mediterranean, North Atlantic and Pacific Rim.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Regional limits in coastal places, inland
channels and at ports.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Medium term</span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">0.5% sulfur fuel worlwide</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Long term</span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Synchronization with on-road diesel fuels (500 ppm to 10-15 ppm,
in the long-term)</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">International requirements (IMO)</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">New engines</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Short term</span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NO<sub>2</sub> standards 40% percent
below present IMO standards (Year 2000 level).</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PM levels</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Encourage new technology developments</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Medium term</span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NO<sub>2</sub> standards 95% percent
below present IMO standards (Year 2000 level)</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PM levels further cut down</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Encourage new technology developments</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Long term</span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Encourage the application of advanced systems, particularly
near-zero emission technologies in potential applications.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">International standards (IMO)</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">New vessels</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Short term</span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adopt global requirements for on-land power
standardization.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">All newly-built ships with onshore electricity
capability, particularly ferries and cruise ship.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Long term</span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:
Promote the utilization of modern ship-design principles for potentially
efficient applications</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Promoting contracting of cleanest carriers.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Environmentally sensitive fees and charges.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">International standards (IMO).</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Existing vessels and engines</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Short term</span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apply emissions operating standards by ship
class and engine properties depending on observed retrofit potential.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Study viability and potential benefits of
programs to promote early vessel retirement and environmentally-viable
decommissioning.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">International levels (IMO)</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Promoting contracting of cleanest carriers</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Environmentally sensitive fees and charges.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">At port</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Short term</span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Select strategy that provides benefits for optimum reduction of
emissions, based on local fuel availability and environmental application of
electricity power generation</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Onshore electricity</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Least sulfur on-road fuel and NO<sub>2</sub> and
PM post-treatment.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Medium term</span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:
Market-based approaches to promote low- or non-carbon fuel sources to service
onshore electricity for berthed vessels</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Port authorization needed.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Promoting contracting of cleanest carriers.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Environmentally sensitive fees and charges.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"><br />
</span><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GHG</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Short term</span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Implement inventory of GHG emission and fleet
baseline</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Market-based methods for ships.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Implement fuel economy requirements by ship
type and engine properties for new vessels.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Medium term</span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Implement fuel economy requirements by vessel type and engine
class for existing ships.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Promoting contracting of cleanest carriers</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Environmentally sensitive fees and charges.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cap and trade program for maritime industry
alone.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">International requirements (IMO).</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">readmore </span><a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/">http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/</a></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-431923380140370232.post-79939786124893062922013-06-11T20:53:00.004-07:002013-06-11T20:53:38.567-07:00Assessment of potential reduction of emissions<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Assessment of potential reduction of emissions</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Potential for reduction of CO</span></b><sub><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sub><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> emissions</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.76 Several options for efficiency improvements have been
considered in earlier paragraphs. The potential for energy saving by combining
these steps is very vital.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nevertheless, costs, lack of incentives and other obstacles
block many of them from being implemented. Hence, when assessing the potential
savings, we also establish clear assumptions regarding the extent of
compromise, effort and extra costs that are needed.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">An evaluation of potentials for saving energy using present
technology and methods is presented in table 5-2. The values given in this
table exhibit the variations in benefits for various ship types and the level
of motivation to achieve savings.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.77 Projected efficiency improvements are presented as
scenarios in Chapter 7. The high values presented in table 5-2 relate fairly
well to the scenario with the highest improvement in energy consumption, in
which net improvements, without the use of low-carbon fuels, range from 58% to
75% in 2050, depending on the type ship. This assumption, including indicators
of historical transport efficiency for various ship types, is portrayed in
figure 5-1. The historical background for the generation of efficiency data is
shown in Chapter 9.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">readmore </span><a href="http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/">http://thehaneygroup.org/blog/</a></div>
Haney Energy Saving Grouphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10517536415148925316noreply@blogger.com0